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Home » Oncology » |
cutaneous Tumors l (majorities)
Neoplasias cutaneous is most frequent in the canine species and feline, these can be of benign origin or malignant, to neoplasias you vitiate is called skin cancer to them, can have its origin in the epithelial, mesenquimatosas, linfohistiocíticas cells and melanocíticas cells or rarely to be metástasis of neoplasias of other locations.
As characteristic generals we can emphasize that they appear most frequently in greater animals of 6 years and are certain prearranged races specially like the Boxer, Golden to retriever, Scottish Terrier, Bull Mastiff, Basset Hound and others.
The cancer of the skin is a disease in which are cancerous cells (you vitiate) in the outer layers of the skin.The skin protects to the body against heat, light, infection and injury. Also it stores water, fat and vitamin D.
The skin is composed by two main layers and several classes of cells. The external layer of the skin is called epidermis. This contains three classes of cells: flat cells in form of grudges in the surface called escamosas cells; round cells called basal cells and called cells melanocitos, that give the color him to the skin.
The internal layer of the skin is called dermis. This layer is heavier and contains blood vessels, nerves and glands sudoríparas, cells of the immune system like lymphocytes and mastocitos.
The hair (hair) of the skin also grows in the dermis, in tiny bags called follicles. The dermis produces the sweat, that helps to cool the body, and oils that they avoid that reseque the skin.
There are several types of cancer that are originated in the skin. Most common they are mastocitoma and the cancer of escamosas cells.
These types of cancer of the skin denominate cancers of the skin, not melanomas. Melanoma is a type of cancer of the skin that is originated in the melanocitos.
EYE. There is a great diversity of nonneoplásicas cutaneous tumorlike injuries (cutaneous cysts, nevi, xantomas, calcinosis skin) we must consider in the diagnosis differential.
To consider in neoplasias you vitiate:
The aspect of the cancer of the skin can vary. The sign commonest of the cancer of the skin is a change in the aspect of the skin, like for example a growth or a wound that does not heal, example a cutaneous nodule of solitary or multiple presentation, of cutaneous or subcutaneous location, very variable size, multiple forms and external characteristics very different according to type from neoplasia (to see etiología).
Some neoplasias cutaneous adopt forms ulcerativascomo a sore or an ulcer (carcinoma of escamosas cells and mastocitoma in cats, linfosarcoma cutaneous,?).
Presence of cojeras, inflammation and digital pain in dogs of black layer, must make suspect us carcinoma of the subungueal bed although the presence of a cutaneous nodule is not evident.
Vomits, diarreas and coagulopatía occasionally in mastocitomas. Signs related to metástasis in some cases of neoplasias you vitiate.
As it is arrived at the diagnosis:
If the mascot riene a spot or protuberance in the skin the Veterinarian can extract it to analyze the weave in the microscope. This procedure is known like biopsy.
The diagnosis is direct and it is based on the results of the aspiration and cytology or biopsy and histopatología.
Options of treatments:
The treatment for the cancer of the benign skin and neoplasias depends on the type and the stage of the disease, of the age of the mascot and its general state of health. All the patients do not cure themselves with the standard therapy; some treatments standard could have too many indirect effect.
Three classes of treatment are used in general:
- The surgery is the treatment commonest for the cancer of the skin. The Veterinarian can extract the cancer using some of the methods like is the simple split (operation in which the cancer of the skin is extracted along with part of the located healthy weave around this one).
Micrographical surgery: (Operation in that it is extracted the cancer and the smaller possible amount of normal weave, during this surgery, the doctor extracts the cancer and soon it uses a microscope to analyze the cancerous area and to make sure that it is not left any cell cancerous)
Laser beams therapy (In this procedure a concentrated beam of light is used highly that destroys only the cancerous cells). The x-ray consists of the x-rays use to eliminate cancerous cells and to reduce tumors. The x-ray for the cancer of the skin is applied by a machine by outside the body (external x-ray). -
In the treatment of the cancer of the skin, the chemotherapy can be administered in form:
Topical in cream or lotion it is applied on the skin to eliminate the cancerous cells (topical chemotherapy) the sistémica chemotherapy (is indicated in cases of sistémica disease when the single surgery does not reach the cure, consists of an injectable one, this way it is introduced in the sanguineous current, it travels through body and it destroys the located cancerous cells outside the skin. - The biological therapy (the use of the immunological system of the body to fight the cancer) is being evaluated in clinical tests.
The intention of the biological therapy is to deal with which the same body fights and destroys the cancer. In the biological therapy substances produced by the own body or made in a laboratory are used to increase, to direct or to recover the natural defenses of the body against the disease.
The biological therapy also knows like therapy modifier the biological answer (BRM by its abbreviations in English) or inmunoterapia.
Prognoses:
The prognosis is excellent in neoplasias benign if the exéresis (surgery of ablation of the tumor) is complete.
Prognosis of the carcinoma escamosas cells: tendency to the local recidiva but little tendency to the metástasis.
The prognosis of fibrosarcoma has tendency to the local recidivas and little incidence of metástasis.
The prognosis of mastocitoma: approximately a 50% of the cases in spite of good surgical technique recidivan. The prognosis depends on the degree of cellular differentiation, the stage in which it is, and of the used adjuvant chemotherapy.
The prognosis of linfosarcoma cutaneous is fatal.
The prognosis of melanoma is very variable and it is not related, sometimes, with the histológico aspect.
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cutaneous Tumors l (majorities) |
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